Glossary of Insurance Terms

Actual Cash Value
Additions and Alterations
Automobile Insurance
Basic Reparations Benefits
Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability
Business Property
Collision
Comprehensive
Computer Equipment
Debris Removal
Dwelling/House
Electronic Data Processing Tapes
Explosion
Fair Rental Value (your own premises)
Flood
Freezing
Full Glass
Garages
Hurricanes
Injury to Others
Legal Defense
Limits of Liability
Living Expenses
Malicious Mischief/Vandalism
Medical Payments
Medical Payments to Others
Other-Than-Collision
Personal Injury Protection
Pipes (Water)
Power Failure
Power Surges
Rental Reimbursement
Replacement Cost Coverage
Towing & Labor
Uninsured Motorists / Underinsured Motorists
Water Heater
Windstorm/Hail
 

Actual Cash Value

Unlike the coverage provided for your home and other structures, coverage for your household contents and personal possessions is normally offered on an actual cash value basis. In other words, instead of being paid the replacement cost of an item, a deduction is made for depreciation due to normal wear and tear, obsolescence and use, usually less than you originally paid. For instance, you might recover only $200 for the refrigator/freezer that cost you $1,000 seven years ago.

There's a popular alternative: insuring your personal property on a replacement cost basis at a somewhat higher premium. The choice is up to you. For a more complete explanation, see Replacement Cost Coverage.

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Additions and Alterations

As a homeowner, you want to be sure any significant improvements to your home are adequately covered within the dwelling limit of your policy. A new family room, bath or remodeled kitchen could easily add $30,000 to the value of a home, pushing you well over your policy limit. Similarly, if you build a new detached three-car garage, you will almost certainly go over the coverage that applies collectively to your detached structures (10% of your dwelling coverage limit). In all cases like these, tell your agent about your new addition or alteration and ask whether you need to increase your coverage.

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Automobile Insurance

A type of insurance which protects the insured against losses involving automobiles. Different coverages can be purchased depending on the needs and wants of the insured, e.g., the Liability coverages and Bodily Injury Liability, Property Damage Liability, and Medical Payments, and the Physical Damage coverages of Collision and Comprehensive.

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Basic Reparations Benefits

Pays when reasonable medical, dental and hospital expenses, funeral expenses (up to $ 2,000) lost income, lost services and survivors, loss resulting from a motor vehicle accident

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Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability

Pays when you are legally liable for injury, death, or property damage caused by your vehicle up to the policy limit selected. Legal fees, bail bonds and court costs are also covered.

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Business Property

Your homeowner policy restricts coverage to $2,500 for damage to items at home "used at any time or in any manner for any business purpose". You have a mere $250 coverage for same when it's away from your premises. Clearly, your homeowners policy was not intended to insure merchandise or property at home that is used for business purposes. If you offer professional services out of your home or conduct some home demonstration and regularly have a living room full of freezer ware, basketry or cosmetics, talk to your agent; your policy can easily be upgraded to provide a higher dollar limit for your business furnishings, equipment and supplies. What if you regularly bring work and equipment home from the office? Your dedication may get you a raise from the boss but it won't necessarily pay off if your company's word processor gets stolen...again, it wouldn't hurt to seek a more clear-cut interpretation of coverage from your agent.

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Collision

Pays for loss or damage to your vehicle caused by collision with another object or by upset. Payments are made on an actual cash basis less the deductible which applies. 

Deductible: None
Coverage amounts- $100; $250; $500; $1,000
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Comprehensive

Pays for loss or damage to your vehicle caused by fire, theft, vandalism, hail, windstorm, riot, falling objects, flood, etc. If selected, the deductible applies to all damage except by fire

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Computer Equipment

Insured within your personal property coverage limit for types of loss listed here. Caution: computers, monitors, disk drives, modems, scanners, other peripherals and software should be covered with a special endorsement that provides higher dollar limits and protection against additional kinds of loss. Your agent knows how to help. Portable and laptop computers are covered wherever you take them. However, if your computer equipment is used even partly for business, coverage under your homeowners policy is limited. See Business Property.

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Debris Removal

If your property suffers damage that is covered by your homeowners policy, reasonable costs to remove any resulting debris are also covered. If the cost to both repair the damaged property and remove the debris exceeds your policy limit, an additional 5% of your policy limit is granted for the expense of the debris removal.

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Dwelling/House

For insurance purposes, your "dwelling" means your house itself plus any attached structures like a garage, carport or shed. It also includes any materials/supplies located on or next to your residence premises (if occupied) for the purpose of repairing, altering or constructing the dwelling or other structures.

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Electronic Data Processing Tapes

These tapes, wires, records, discs and other software media are not covered if they contain business data. Blank or unexposed records and media are insured within your personal property limit for types listed.

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Explosion

Damage to your dwelling or contents due to an explosion (of your heater, for example) that occurs on or off your premises is covered within policy limits--subject to your deductible. Off-premises examples: industrial accidents, blasting work, sonic boom.

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Fair Rental Value (your own premises)

If a covered loss makes your principal residence unfit to live in, your policy provides your choice of either Fair Rental Value or Additional Living Expenses. If you choose Fair Rental Value, you will receive the fair rental value of that part of your residence, minus expenses that do not continue while the premises are unfit to live in.

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Flood

Flood damage is never covered under a homeowners policy including a rain-flooded basement. If your property is located in an area that requires this coverage, you can obtain coverage for most properties through the National Flood Insurance Program. Any licensed property insurance agent or broker can help you get this coverage. Overflow or accidental discharge of water from within your residence may be covered.

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Freezing

Damage to your residence, household contents and/or personal possessions from freezing is covered if you maintain heat in the building or shut off and drain the water system and appliances when the building is under construction, vacant or unoccupied.

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Full Glass

Pays for loss or damage to any item of glass without applying the deductible under comprehensive.

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Garages

A garage attached to your house is insured within your dwelling coverage limit. Detached garages are insured with other structures on your property, up to 10% collectively of the amount of coverage on your house. You can increase your coverage limit for an additional cost.

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Hurricanes

Damage to your house and detached structures from violent winds, such as hurricanes, cyclones and tornadoes, is covered. Damage to the contents of a building is not covered unless the storm causes an opening that allows damaging wind or water to enter; in that case, it is.

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Injury to Others

You are insured under your policy's personal liability section for bodily injuries you or residents of your household or your pets accidentally cause to others. This coverage applies on or off your premises, anywhere in the world--provided you are legally liable for the injury and the resulting loss. If your misdirected golf shot injures another person or breaks a window, your homeowners policy would most likely pay for the injury or any property damage.

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Legal Defense

Your homeowners policy pays for legal expenses to defend a lawsuit brought against you for a covered loss (even if the suit is fraudulent or groundless). The cost of your defense does not come out of your coverage dollars.

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Limits of Liability

These coverages provide financial protection for the other party involved in an accident when you or any insured driver has an accident while behind the wheel of your vehicle.

Bodily Injury- 20/40; 25/50; 50/100; 100/300; 250/500; 500/500
Property Damage- $15,000; $25,000; $50,000; $100,000
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Living Expenses

If severe damage to your house from fire, windstorm or another type of covered loss makes your primary residence unfit to live in, your policy compensates you for either Additional Living Expenses or Fair Rental Value reimbursement. If you choose Additional Living Expenses, you will be reimbursed for any increase in expenses over and above your usual expenses so that your household can maintain its usual standard of living until you move back into your house. Extra costs for staying in a hotel/motel, use of a Laundromat and telephone expenses are some examples of what would be covered.

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Malicious Mischief/Vandalism

Coverage is provided for your personal property, your home and other structures unless the damage occurs in a building that has been vacant (empty and unfurnished) for more than 30 consecutive days before the loss. If your home is under construction at the time of the malicious mischief or vandalism, this is not considered "vacant" and your loss is covered.

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Medical Payments

Pays reasonable and medically necessary expenses incurred within three years of an accident.

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Medical Payments to Others

Your homeowners policy provides this coverage, which differs from personal liability coverage in two ways:

1) If someone is injured on your property, coverage is available to pay that person's necessary medical expenses--under the medical payments to others limit (usually $1,000)--whether or not you are responsible for the injury. These expenses may include medical, surgical, x-ray, dental, ambulance, hospital, professional nursing, prosthetic devices and even funeral expenses. Your policy also pays for injuries occurring off your premises if you, a family member living with you, a residence employee in the course of their employment (while on the job), or a pet causes the injury.

2) Medical Payments applies only to injury and not to property damage.

This coverage does not apply to you or residents of your household except residence employees.

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Other-Than-Collision

This is physical damage coverage to your vehicle due to hail damage or theft of your vehicle. Subject to a deductable and actual cash value (depreciation).

Deductable: None
Coverage amounts- $50; $100; $200; $250; $500; $1,000
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Personal Injury Protection

This coverage provides protection for the driver and any passengers in the vehicle. Will pay for medical and funeral expenses in addition to 80% of lost income.
Normal amounts are : $2,500; $5,000; $10,000

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Pipes (Water)

Damage from burst water pipes is covered within your dwelling coverage limit. Damage to pipes themselves is also covered.

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Power Failure

If a power failure occurs on your premises, any resulting damage to your property is covered. If a loss is caused by a power failure off your premises, the loss is not covered. For example, if a storm knocks out power from your local electric company and your freezer-full of filet mignon is endangered, better have an immediate barbecue feast. (Special coverage can be purchased to insure your refrigerated goods against spoilage in this case.)

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Power Surges

Your are covered for damage caused to domestic electric appliances, except to a tube, transistor or similar electronic component.

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Rental Reimbursement

This coverage is available as a supplement to a collision claim. Pays towards expense to rent a vehicle if you have a loss (covered under your Comprehensive or Collision coverage) and your car is disabled longer than 24 hours.
Coverage amounts- 20/600; 25/750; 30/900; 35/1050

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Replacement Cost Coverage

On your household contents, this popular alternative to Actual Cash Value reimbursement pays you at today's cost to replace or repair lost or damaged property--subject to your policy limits and your chosen deductible (and provided actual repairs are made). This coverage must be specifically requested.

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Towing & Labor

Pays for towing your vehicle and any labor cost at the place of disablement.
Coverage amounts- $40; $80; $120

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Uninsured Motorists / Underinsured Motorists

Pays for damages that you, household relatives and passengers in the insured auto are legally entitled to recover because of bodily injury or death caused by uninsured or hit-and-run autos.

The limits available are as low as $ 20,000 / $ 40,000 or as high as twice your policies bodily injury liability coverage. Also includes standard coverage which protects you where other parties insurance is not enough to pay your damages and is less than your coverage. You can purchase conversion coverage; this coverage is not reduced by payments from any source.

Bodily Injury- 20/40; 25/50; 50/100; 100/300; 250/500
Property Damage- $15,000; $25,000; $50,000; $100,000
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Water Heater

If your water heater suddenly and accidentally tears apart, cracks, burns or bulges, any resulting damage to your personal property is covered. If water drips or seeps from your heater over a period of time and gradually ruins your carpeting or flooring, this ``slow loss" is not covered. If you notice dampness around a water heater, you'll save money by calling the plumber before serious damage occurs. Damage to your water heater itself is not covered, unless the damage results from fire or another type of covered loss. Damage from freezing of your water heater is not covered.

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Windstorm/Hail

Damage to your house and other structures from violent winds and hails--including hurricanes, cyclones, tornadoes and typhoons--is covered up to policy limits. Loss to property inside a building is not covered unless the storm causes an opening that allows damaging wind, rain, snow or sleet to enter. (If you leave a window open and the rain blows in -- grab a mop; insurance does not cover you.)

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